In vitro study of biogenic amine production and gastrointestinal stress tolerance by some enterococci strains

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Abstract BACKGROUND Owing to the toxic effects of enterococci, their biogenic amine production is a negative aspect of safe strain selection and unfavourable activity in food. Additionally, the ability to tolerate acid and bile are two important traits for the selection of probiotic strains since they show the probiotic bacteria's capacity to survive throughout gastrointestinal transit. In the present work, six enterococci strains belonging to Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus hirae were subjected to in vitro evaluation of their ability to produce biogenic amines and to tolerate gastrointestinal stress in order to investigate their possibility for future intended use as probiotics. RESULTS All enterococci isolates possessed good viability at low pH (pH 4) and in the presence of bile salts (0.3%), indicating their ability to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, selected strains had a high ability to produce tyramine in tyrosine decarboxylase broth, while medium levels of histamine were detected (below 74 mg L−1) in experimental media in vitro. Other biogenic amines were also formed at various levels by most of the enterococci strains. CONCLUSION All enterococci strains, with the exception of E. gallinarum DM 29, are powerful tyramine producers, and their capacity to create histamine is inferior to that of tyramine. However, more investigations are needed before considering their use as bio‐preservatives or starter cultures in foods. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.