Synthesis and characterisation of mushroom-based nanocomposite and its efficiency on dye biosorption via antimicrobial activity

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Mushrooms are highly effective for biotechnological products and economically. Mushroom-based nanocomposites occasionally used in recent studies. Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) from southeast Turkey that used in our work is the most commonly present cultivated white-rot edible fungus all around the world. Until now, no report is existing on the biosorption study of Reactive orange 16 (RO16) with mushroom-based nanocomposite. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to synthesise Pleurotus ostreatus-based-chitosan (POCN) nanocomposite and characterise via Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, Differential scanning calorimetry, Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-teller, and X-ray diffraction techniques; investigate the antimicrobial activity and adsorption behaviour for removal of RO16 dye. The adsorption of RO16 by batch technique was evaluated with pH, initial dye concentration and temperature effect. Point of zero charge was evaluated. The adsorption of dye followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and data of equilibrium was well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of POCN for RO16 was found as 65.5 mg/g (initial dye concentration: 100 mg/g, temperature: 298 K). Besides, POCN was researched for antimicrobial activity against some pathogens such as Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 standard bacterial strains and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 fungal strain by using microdilution method on the Minimum Inhibiting Concentration (MIC). Furthermore, during four cycles of adsorption and desorption, regeneration experiment revealed good reusability of POCN nanocomposite with 0.1 M HCl as a desorbing agent.