Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, wound healing potentials and LC-MS/MS analysis of water extract of Rhus coriaria L. (sumak) leaves

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The object of this study was to investigate antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and wound healing activities of aqueous extract of R. coriaria L. (sumak) leaves. Antioxidant activity was carried out using 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays and the extract showed 97.0 ± 0.74% and 95.7 ± 1.40% radical scavenging activities, respectively. For anticancer activity , cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against MCF7 breast cancer and L929 mouse fibroblast cells, and the extract was able to inhibit proliferation of MCF7 breast cancer cells with IC 50 of 129.1 ± 9.27 μg/mL. Wound closure assay revealed that aqueous extract at 1 μg/mL was able to close 79% of wound gap after 24 h with high migration rate. Antimicrobial activity depicted high inhibitory effects against C. albicans (17 mm), E. coli (16 mm), P. aeruginosa (21 mm), S. aureus (17 mm), K. pneumoniae (15 mm). Furthermore, LC-MS/MS results revealed that the leaves contain phenolic compounds and mainly rich in gallic acid (2.82 mg/kg) caffeic acid (6.84 mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (45.84 mg/kg) which may be strongly associated with the remarkable biological activities the extract.