Advancing Pyrrole Synthesis through DDQ Catalysis: A Comprehensive Research Incorporating DFT, ADMT, and Molecular Docking Analysis

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Abstract The construction of pyrroles is an important heterocyclic group comprising many compounds with interesting properties that have led to numerous applications in various fields. We delineate a new synthetic method for the rapid construction of tree‐substituted pyrroles from readily available ketoximes as starting materials and also a new mechanism and method has been proposed. It is presented that substituted pyrroles were efficiently synthesized in high yields (up to 81 % yield) through the cyclization reaction of starting ketoximes mediated by 2,3‐dichlor‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ). Utilizing this protocol various pyrrole derivatives were synthesized from diethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (DEAD). We then developed the dehydrogenation reaction mechanism of this formation, also studied in detail, also all synthesized compounds were analyzed in detail by spectroscopic techniques (FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR) which were compared with the computational data estimated at B3LYP/6‐311G** level. The thermochemical and electronic properties of the pyrroles were evaluated after optimizing and then confirming the equilibrium structures. ADMT scores were also considered to estimate/elucidate the possible bioavailability tendencies as well as the toxicity. In addition, the interactions of the optimized molecules were evaluated by molecular docking methods against BSA “Bovine Serum Albumin” and LIF “Leukemia Inhibitory Factor”. The results obtained from this study will ideally provide a fundamental source in contemporary drug design in terms of both the key electronic properties underlying the possible reactivity features and toxicity.