Age-related psychopathological profiles in children and adolescents presenting with attention deficit: a transdiagnostic perspective

OpenAlex English

Aims: This study aimed to investigate age-related differences in psychopathological profiles among children and adolescents presenting with attention deficit complaints, emphasizing a transdiagnostic approach. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed medical records of patients aged 6-17 years admitted to Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital between June 1, 2023, and January 1, 2025. Exclusion criteria included comorbid neurological disorders, incomplete hospital records, absence of attention deficit complaints, and incomplete psychometric data [the Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CPRS-R:S) and the child behavior checklist (CBCL)]. The final sample consisted of 500 patients divided equally into two age groups: children (6-12 years, n=250) and adolescents (12-17 years, n=250). Psychiatric diagnoses were determined based on DSM-5 criteria and clinical interviews. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, independent samples T tests, Chi-square tests, and effect size calculations (Cohen’s d and odds ratio). Results: Psychiatric diagnoses were significantly more prevalent in the child group (96.8%) compared to the adolescent group (91.2%; X²=6.950, p=.008). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and specific learning disorders were significantly higher in children (p<.001), whereas anxiety disorders, particularly generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; X²=17.266, p<.001) and panic disorder (PD; X²=6.397, p=.011), along with depressive disorders (X²=30.119, p<.001), were significantly more common in adolescents. CBCL and CPRS-R:S results indicated higher externalizing and attention-related problems in children, while adolescents showed significantly elevated internalizing symptoms (p<.05). Conclusion: Distinct psychopathological profiles emerged for children and adolescents with attention deficit symptoms. Externalizing disorders predominated in younger children, while internalizing disorders became more frequent in adolescents. These findings underline the necessity of age-specific assessments and interventions to improve diagnostic precision and treatment outcomes.