Impact of level of income and occupational factors on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Turkey

OpenAlex English

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of level of income and occupational factors on mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown in Turkey. Materials and Methods: The study has a cross-sectional, descriptive design and 768 participants were included. The data were collected via an electronic survey by sharing the link in social media groups. Monthly household income (MHI) and occupational characteristics of the participants were investigated during COVID-19 lockdown. Psychological measurements were performed via PHQ-4 and Fear of COVID-19 scales. Results: Regarding MHI; participants with a MHI of €299 or less had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to those with a MHI of €1000 or higher. Regarding occupational groups; the unemployed and students had higher anxiety and depression levels compared to housewives/retired individuals, business owners, government officials and health workers. It was determined that partial remote work and working at the workplace were protective against anxiety and depression, respectively. Conclusion: Conditions such as unemployment, low level of income and the decreased social interaction related to working style were found to be associated with higher depression and anxiety levels during the pandemic.