Economic Sanctions and International Relations

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This study examines the transformation of Iran-Africa relations following the United States’ withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in 2018 through a qualitative analysis of documents and primary sources. Diplomatic engagement, which had reached its peak during the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, si…

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ABSTRACT What motivated the Iraqi ruling elite to engage in the Baghdad Pact as a defensive alliance in the Middle East? Students of Iraqi politics often base Iraq's engagement in the pact on the provisions of the system structure, such as regional security needs against the USSR or willingness to use the pact as leve…

Abstract The Iran War and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz have exposed the fragility of globally interconnected gas systems. States’ natural‐gas export performance is often explained by resource endowments and national strategies, but this overlooks the conditions affecting how energy reaches markets. This study a…

Challenges Syria is facing in its path towards having an effective government with working institutions and a stable economy abound and can hardly be comprehended in full. Leaders of new regime have limited experience of statecraft, struggles for ensuring security in urban as well as rural areas of the country are sti…

The European Association of Science Editors (EASE) issues this statement in support of its members and regional chapters across the Middle East and beyond, particularly in Azerbaijan, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States, as well as the broader scholarly commun…

The growing apprehensions regarding Iran and the United States may have significant implications for global energy security, economic integration, and security architecture. The Strait of Hormuz's role in global oil trade makes regional geopolitical challenges potentially economic in nature. This study develops a nove…

Bu çalışma, küresel ekonomik rekabetin günümüz uluslararası sisteminde klasik piyasa rekabeti anlayışının ötesine geçerek modern stratejik çatışmanın süreklilik arz eden ve sistemik bir boyutu haline geldiğini ileri sürmektedir. Ekonomik yaptırımlar, finansal sistemlerden dışlama mekanizmaları, teknoloji transferlerin…

Since the 19th century, British oil interests and geopolitical balancing against Russia positioned Iran as a critical buffer zone. The Anglo-American-backed 1953 Operation Ajax generated a traumatic collective memory that formed the ideological foundation of Iranian foreign policy after the 1979 Revolution. In the pos…

Bu çalışma, Doğu Akdeniz ve Orta Doğu’da yer alan Türkiye, İsrail, Yunanistan, İran, Mısır ve Suudi Arabistan’ın savunma harcaması yüklerinin (askeri harcamalar/GSYH) küresel lider ülke olarak kabul edilen ABD’ye göre yakınsama dinamiklerini incelemektedir. 1965–2024 dönemine ait SIPRI verileri kullanılarak, Bernard v…

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• MURAT BAYAR