Evaluation of breast cancer symptoms and risk factors in women: the case of Türkiye

OpenAlex English

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of breast cancer symptoms and the distribution of risk factors among women aged 18 years and above. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted with 380 women who were registered at a Family Health Center in a central city of Türkiye. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics, as well as the independent t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's Exact test were used in the analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 44.5 ± 15.5 years. Breast cancer symptoms such as breast or armpit pain, nipple changes, and swelling were observed in 32.1% of the participants. Among those with symptoms, 61.5% did not know how to perform a breast self-examination. Additionally, 20.3% of the participants had never participated in screenings, most commonly due to long waiting times for appointments. Short breastfeeding duration, smoking, and a lack of knowledge about self-examination were prominent risk factors. CONCLUSION: Despite the prevalence of symptoms, low levels of knowledge about self-examination and low participation in screenings are noteworthy. From the results of this study, promoting early detection, expanding health education, and improving access to screening services are recommended.