Molecular characterization of some peach and nectarine hybrids by ISSR and SSR markers

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The Prunus genus includes valuable fruit trees such as cherries, almonds, apricots, plums, peaches, and nectarines. Peaches and nectarines are among the most widely cultivated fruits globally and can adapt to temperate and subtropical climate conditions. In this study, the genetic relationships of 96 peach and nectarine hybrids were analyzed using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Simple Intersequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. These genotypes consist of hybrid VxÜ (Venüs x Üstün) and RxÜ (Stark Red Gold x Üstün) obtained through the hybridization of peach and nectarine varieties. 5 SSR and 14 ISSR primers were used for both VxÜ and RxÜ genotypes. In the SSR analysis of hybrid VxÜ and RxÜ genotypes, 12 bands were obtained, all polymorphic, resulting in a polymorphism rate of 100%. The band size ranged from 150 to 240 bp. The PIC values ranged from 0.32 to 0.91, with an average of 0.62. In the ISSR analysis of hybrid RxÜ and VxÜ genotypes, 163 bands were obtained, of which 150 were polymorphic and polymorphism rate of 91%. The band size range varied between 300 and 2000 bp. Genetic similarity values among genotypes were calculated, and a UPGMA cluster analysis was performed to create a dendrogram. The data and dendrograms obtained from genetic analysis were compared. The dendrograms generated from the SSR and ISSR analyses were divided into two main clusters. In the dendrogram based on SSR analysis, the VÜ-103 hybrid formed a distinct group, separate from all other genotypes. Conversely, in the dendrogram derived from ISSR analysis, the VÜ hybrids clustered within the first main branch, while the RU hybrids were grouped within the second main branch. The results of the study showed that both SSR and ISSR markers are potential tools for determining genetic diversities and genetic relationships of Prunus hybrids and can be used in breeding programs.