İbn Şâzân en-Nîsâbûrî’nin Sahâbe’ye Yönelttiği Tenkitlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Turkish

Ibn Shāzān al-Nīsābūrī (d. 260/874), a Shi'ite theological and fiqh scho-lar, wrote works in the fields of tafsīr, hadith, and fiqh, but was known as a Shi'ite theologian. He represented this school as a successor after Yunus b. Abdurrahman and Muhammad b. Khalil al-Saqqāq, who were the impor-tant representatives of the theological school that emerged around the ideas of Hishām b. Hakam, which is of great importance for the history of Shī'ah. İbn Şâzân b. al-Shāzān, in his most important work al-Īzāh, although he wrote it to defend imāmah and to refute the opposing sects and factions, he listed the names of many of the Companions and subjected them to criti-cism. In his work, İbn Şâzân b. Shāzān mentioned some of the Companions under separate headings and made heavy accusations. It is noteworthy that the Companions whose names are mentioned are the Companions who we-re criticised during the Mihna process. The Companions whom İbn Şâzân criticised by listing them under headings are: Mu'awiya, Talha and Zubayr, ‘Abdullah b. Mas'ūd, Hudhayfah b. al-Yamān, Abu Hurayrah, Abū Mūsā al-Ash'arī, Mughīra b. Shu'be, Samurah b. Jundub, Khālid b. Urfuta, “Ab-dullah b. ”Umar, Hz. “Aisha, ”Amr b. “As and Hakam b. Abī al-”As. It has been determined that the underlying factor of İbn Şâzân's criticisms against all the Companions was not to act together with Hz. Ali / not to support him. As a result of the research, it was seen that İbn Şâzân's criticisms were polemical, did not coincide with historical facts, and sometimes even excee-ded the limits. In this study, evaluations were made in the context of Ibn Shāzān's criticisms. Ibn Shāzān's criticism of the Companions whose names are given here is centred on the events between Prophet ‘Ali and Mu'awi-yah. According to Ibn Shāzān, it was concluded that the narrations of the Companions who did not stand by the Prophet ‘Ali were not acceptable. In addition, Ibn Shāzān was found to be extremely partial in his criticism of the Companions.