Bioactive Peptides Produced From Microbial Sources and Their Neuroprotective Effects

English (OpenAlex)

Microbial bioactive peptides represent a promising class of natural compounds with significant potential as neuroprotective agents. Produced through fermentation, these peptides show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities. Their ability to modulate the gut-brain axis further enhances their role in supporting neurological health by influencing immune responses, oxidative stress balance, and synaptic function. Key mechanisms of these peptides exert neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, inhibition of oxidative stress, prevention of apoptosis, and enhancement of mitochondrial function and neurotrophic signaling. Additionally, some peptides protect apoptosis in Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and etc. This review comprehensively outlines the sources, production, mechanisms, and future directions of microbial peptides, underscoring their growing importance in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.