Korunan alan planlamasında ekosistem hizmetleri

Turkish

Ekosistemlerde yasanan bozulmalar, akademi ve politika nezdinde ekosistemhizmetlerinin ekonomik ve ekonomik olmayan degerini gundeme tasimistir. Ekosistemhizmetleri cogunlukla, toplumlara esit faydalanmanin oldugu “kamu mali” olaraksayilmaktadir. 24607 Sayili Turk Medeni Kanunu’na gore dogal ekosistemler, yararikamuya ait alanlardir, dolayisiyla toplum yarari icin yonetilmelidir. Dogal alanyonetiminde, korunan alan planlamasina kadar inen olcekte hakim yararcilik anlayisi,ekosistemlerin ekonomik degerlemesi ve bunlardan saglanan gelirin artirilmasinaodaklanmaktadir. Bundan oturu toplumda, ekonomik kiymette dusuk ancak biyolojikcesitliligi yuksek ekosistemlerin korunmasindan vazgecilebilecegi kaygisibulunmaktadir. Bu arastirma, ekonomik yontemlerin disinda ekosistem hizmetlerinin,sosyal degerlemeyle belirlenerek korunan alan planlamasina butunlestirilmesiniamaclamistir. Arastirma kapsaminda, Kure Daglari Milli Parki (KDMP) ve tamponbolgesinin ekosistem hizmetleri faydalanicilarin sosyal degerleri ve arazi kullanimtercihleriyle belirlenmis ve cografi bilgi sistemleri modelleriyle haritalanmistir. Eldeedilen bulgulara gore, bitkisel besin tedariki faydalanicilar icin en yuksek kullanimdegerine sahip ve rekreasyon ve turizm ise en oncelikli ekosistem hizmetidir.Faydalanicilar icin ekosistem hizmetlerinin kullanim degeri, ekonomik degerinden dahaonemlidir. Sosyal degerleme temelli modellemenin, duzenleyici ve destekleyicihizmetlerin belirlenmesi acisindan onemli oldugu ortaya cikmistir. KDMP’nin ormanekosistemlerinin cevresindeki faydalanicilar icin su akisinin duzenlenmesi ile su kaliteve miktarinin artirilmasi hizmetini saglayan bir ekosistem oldugu bununla birlikte,yakin cevresine taskinlarin onlenmesi ve topragin sabitlenmesi hizmetlerini sundugubelirlenmistir. Bu calismayla ekonomik degerlemede temsil edilmeyen ekosistemhizmetlerinin sosyal degerleme temelli analiziyle korunan alan planlamasinabutunlestirilebilecegi bir yaklasim gelistirmistir. Bulgular, korunan alanlarin icinde vedisinda devam eden, ekosistem hizmet ve fonksiyonlarinin butunlugunun korunmasiicin korunan alan planlamasi ve ust olcekli fiziki planlarda yeni bir bolgelemeyaklasiminin gelistirilmesi acisindan onemlidir.AbstractDegradation in ecosystems brought ecosystem services in the agenda of academics andpolitics in terms of economic and non-economic valuation. Ecosystem services aremostly considered as public goods with equal benefits to public. Depending on TurkishCivil Law with number 24607, natural ecosystems are areas of which benefits belong topublic, therefore should be managed for the sake of public. In management of naturalareas, supreme utilisation understanding down to protected area scale focuses oneconomic valuation of and increasing income from ecosystems. Due to this approach,there is concern that protection will be given up for ecosystems with high biologicaldiversity but with low economic value. This research aimed to integrate ecosystemservices into protected area planning through their determination by social valuation outof economic methods. Within the scope of the research, ecosystem services in KureMountains National Park (KMNP) and its buffer zone were determined by social valuesand land use preferences of the beneficiaries and mapped by geographic informationsystems models. According to findings, provision of herbal food has the highest usevalue and recreation and tourism is the ecosystem service with highest priority for thebeneficiaries. It was appeared that social valuation based models are important todetermine regulating and supporting services. It was found out that, KMNP’s forests areecosystems that provide services for regulation of water, increasing quality and quantityfor surrounding beneficiaries, and provide flood prevention and soil stabilization for itsvicinity. With this study, an approach was developed to integrate unrepresentedecosystem services into protected area planning through social valuation based analysis.The results are important to develop a new zoning approach in protected area planningand in upper scale physical plans for the protection of ecosystem services and functionsin and continue outside protected areas.