Nâmık Kemal’in Tiyatro Eserlerinde Osmanlı ve İslâm Kimliği

Turkish

The social dissolution of the Ottoman Empire began in the first half of the 19th century.One of the primary reasons for this resolution was the French Revolution (1789) that occurred in Europe.The French Revolution (1789), which led to the creation of nation states, revealed the concepts of freedom, equality, national independence and nationalism.The Ottoman Empire, which contained many nations, entered the process of disintegration with the spread of these ideas / concepts to the world.The awakening of national consciousness affected every nation living in the Empire in a different way, and a new social structure began to form in line with these ideas.As a matter of fact, many minorities living in the Ottoman Empire started a revolt with the awareness raising to nationality.As a result of the negative situations faced and experienced by the Ottoman Empire, a group of intellectuals called Young (New) Ottomans and educated in Europe came together.These intellectuals, who have the ideal of rescuing the state from the current situation, tried to form the idea of "Ottomanism", which contains the notion of language, religion and racial discrimination, to keep all the people living in the Empire together.This idea, which functions as a unifying upper identity function to save the country from fragmentation, could not reach its goal as a result of the pressures it was exposed to, both in parallel with the internal factors occurring in the country and the developments in Europe.Intellectuals and statesmen of the period had to turn to another ideology, which is the idea of Islamism (Islamic union).This idea, which was important in terms of unification under the umbrella of the Islamic Ummah and internalizing Islamic principles, was wanted to be turned into a political system in parallel with ideologies in the West.Nâmık Kemal, one of the important representatives of the young Ottomans, played a mediating role in theater works to save the empire from the current negative situation and to unite / raise the public under this idea.He treated the ideas of "Ottomanism" and "Islamism".In this study, the reflections of Ottoman and Islamic identity in the theater of Nâmık Kemal were determined and tried to be interpreted. Structured Abstract:The 19th century has a special importance in terms of events and innovations occurring all over the world, especially in Europe.In this period, the Ottoman Empire faces a challenging process in the face of any radical change from individuality to sociality.In this period when the medieval mentality began to be erased, individuality came to the fore, causing the trauma of consciousness and the issue of identity.It is also a fact that the Ottoman Empire had over-confidence in facing these problems and its delay in the process