Theoretically supported experimental analyses on Safranin O biosorption from textile wastewater via dead biomass of Spirogyra porticalis

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Abstract High-performance chemical systems designed to eliminate pollution caused by dyestuffs are still among the focuses of interest of chemists. Non-toxic biological materials especially have begun to be widely used in this field. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray analysis), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) were performed. Adsorption was performed in batch-adsorption experiments. Optimization processes involved pH, amounts of the sorbent and Safranin O, adsorption kinetics, desorption, and reusability. To highlight the mechanism of the interaction between Safranin O and S. porticalis and to predict the power and nature interactions, density functional theory computations were performed. Optimization processes included pH, amounts of sorbent and Safranin O, adsorption kinetics, desorption, and reusability. Experimental results were re-evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the biosorption process followed Freundlich isotherm kinetics. The biosorption mechanism was understood by pseudo-first-order (PFO), intraparticle diffusion (IPD), and Elovich models. Adsorption was determined to follow PFO kinetics: physical, endothermic, and spontaneous. The highest recovery was obtained in NaOH. Density functional theory (DFT) finding calculations were also performed to prove the high adsorption capacity for Safranin O of the material used.