The Effects of Teams Individual Players and Spectators on Basketball Officials Decision making Processes

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The goal of this paper is to elucidate the effects that teams, individual players, and spectators have on the bias of basketball officials. The data used in the paper was collected in surveys given to 76 basketball officials ranging from 18 to 40 years of age. The officials stated that they were affected by the players in their decisions regarding foul plays. It was also found that the degree of being affected by factors such as the players, teams and spectators varied according to the sporting experience of the basketball officials. Those who did not have a sporting background as players were found to be much more prone to being affected by spectators.