The role of angiotensinogen, angiotensin II receptor type I and type II receptor polymorphisms (AGTR2 rs11091046, AGT rs699, AGTR1 rs5186, and AGT rs4762) in multiple myeloma

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the impact of angiotensinogen (AGT), and angiotensin II receptor type I and type II (AGTR1/2) polymorphisms (AGTR2 rs11091046, AGT rs699, AGTR1 rs5186, and AGT rs4762) on multiple myeloma (MM) susceptibility, treatment response, and survival outcomes. METHODS: This cross-sectional study encompassed 189 MM patients diagnosed between August 2012 and January 2021, along with 80 healthy individuals serving as a control group. The study examined the genotypes of AGTR2 rs11091046, AGT rs699, AGTR1 rs5186, and AGT rs4762 polymorphisms, comparing their frequencies between patients and healthy controls to assess their impact on MM susceptibility. Furthermore, we analyzed the statistical significance of these genotypes’ effects on first-line treatment response and survival. RESULTS: The GG genotype of AGT rs4762 was significantly more prevalent in the patient group, while the AA genotype was more common in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). Patients with the CC genotype of AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphism exhibited a median PFS of 39 months, while those with the AA/AC genotype demonstrated a longer median PFS of 67 months (p < 0.001). Patients with the CC genotype had a 3.49-fold higher risk of progression compared to those with the AA/AC genotype, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The role of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in the treatment of MM remains a subject of ongoing debate; clearly, further research is warranted.