Intermediaries of citizenship by investment and Türkiye: ‘global citizenship market grows with us’

OpenAlex English

This paper discusses the roles of those who mediate citizenship by investment (CBI) in Türkiye. Within the scope of the study, those who mediate the sale of CBI to foreigners in 8 cities were interviewed. The study revealed that the investment industry in Türkiye has multiple actors, and these actors invest in institutional infrastructure to improve their organizational capacity, and they have institutional and political connections. With these connections, intermediaries affect both the shaping of investment programmes and the socio-spatial mobilization of migrants within intertwined relations with the housing market. Based on all this information, it can be clearly stated that the intermediaries have a crucial role in the development of the global citizenship market.