Investigation of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antiurease Activities of Teucrium polium L. Extracts

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Today, antimicrobial resistance and difficulties in treating infectious diseases and economic losses have increased scientists' interest in herbal medicines. Teucrium polium L. is widely used as a medicinal plant in traditional medicine, and therefore, determining the biological activities of this plant is important. This study aimed to reveal the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiurease activities of T. polium commonly known as “Acıyavşan” and these effects of T. polium petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol extracts on 6 standard pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231). Antimicrobial activity potential of plant extracts was detected by the Agar well diffusion method and Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)s were determined for extracts with antimicrobial activity. Additionally, the antibiofilm effect of T. polium extracts was assessed by crystal violet staining. Antiurease activity was determined spectrophotometrically. T. polium petroleum ether and methanol extracts had antimicrobial activities against C. albicans (0.47 mg/ml, 7.5 mg/ml) and S. aureus (1.88 mg/ml, 0.94 mg/ml). In addition, all of the T. polium extracts showed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and antibiofilm activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The highest antiurease activity of T. polium was found as 62.23±2.33 μg/mL in the methanol extract. Consequently, T. polium extracts exhibits significant biological activities against various microorganisms that are human pathogens. The high potential of T. polium may shed light for future studies in the discovery of new compounds that can stop or slow down the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.