An investigation into green ports in Bodrum

OpenAlex English

Anthropogenic energy consumption has been constantly increasing due to technological progress, increasing population, commercial relations, and exchanges using transport. Especially in the maritime sector, where ships have a large share, the increase in energy consumption, brings along the release of harmful products to nature. This affects particularly the maritime sector, where ships have a large share, bringing along the release of harmful products to nature such as SOx, NOx, PM, and greenhouse gases, such as CO2 and CH4. Studies carried out in this field revealed that harmful products such as CO2, increase the global average temperatures due to the inability to reflect the sun rays falling on the Earth sufficiently by creating a greenhouse gas effect in the world atmosphere; on the other hand, SOX, HC, and NOX have direct negative effects on human health. In this paper, emissions from ships that spend time and maneuverer in Bodrum Cruise Port and Yalikavak Marina between 2021-2022 have been estimated with a bottom-up approach, by using the engine power calculation method. Ship transit information is taken from Port employees and Port Database. Ships were examined according to several criteria such as type, gross tonnage, machine type, and installed machine power. Therefore, the total fuel consumption was estimated by finding the machine load and usage time of the ships depending on the machine type. For the emission factors, primarily the European Monitoring and Review Program (EMEP) and the US Environmental Protection Agency publications were used. For emissions influencing a local scale, limits (for the NOx and SOx) introduced in MARPOL Annex VI have been taken to comply with the current situation. As preliminary results, an increase in NOx emissions at Bodrum Cruise Port was found while a decrease in SOx emission has been registered. Furthermore, a comparison between both Bodrum Cruise Port and Yalikavak Marina and other existing studies was carried out.