Bisphosphonate-loaded PLGA microspheres for bone regeneration in dental surgery: formulation, characterization, stability, and comprehensive release kinetic studies

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Bone regeneration is critical process in maxillofacial surgery for preventing complications of osteoclastic activity. Alendronate sodium is widely used bisphosphonate for bone regeneration. Its poor-bioavailability and side effects are still challenging. In this study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres showed sustained release of alendronate sodium to provide potential prolonged residence at the operation site. Characterization, morphology, stability, and release kinetics were analyzed. Release kinetics found to fit multiple models, release mechanism was shown to be combined in relation to Fickian diffusion and polymer erosion. Consequently, alendronate-loaded PLGA microspheres were elucidated in detail and presented as a locally applicable drug delivery system in maxillofacial surgery.