Investigation of the inhibitory effects of the telomere-targeted compounds on glutathione S-transferase P1

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Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) plays a significant role in cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance, with its overexpression diminishing chemotherapeutic efficacy across various tumor types. This study evaluates the inhibitory effects of 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG) and its dimeric form (6-thio-2'-dG-Dimer) on GSTP1. Enzyme inhibition assays with recombinant human GSTP1, kinetic analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulations were employed. Enzymatic assays were performed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 30 °C, containing 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM GSH, and 1 mM CDNB. The compounds 6-thio-dG and its dimer were dissolved in 2.5% DMSO for the experiments. The IC₅₀ values indicated that the dimer exhibited a higher potency (IC₅₀: 0.339 μM) than the monomer (IC₅₀: 15.14 μM). Kinetic analysis revealed noncompetitive inhibition with glutathione (Ki: 12.26 μM) and mixed inhibition with CDNB (Ki: 11.41 μM) for the monomer, whereas the dimer showed mixed inhibition with glutathione (Ki: 0.972 μM) and competitive inhibition with CDNB (Ki: 0.723 μM). Molecular docking confirmed the higher binding affinity of the dimer (binding energy: - 7.9 kcal/mol, Ki: 1.595 μM) compared to the monomer (binding energy: - 6.2 kcal/mol, Ki: 28.21 μM). The dimer form of 6-thio-dG shows strong potential to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy by effectively inhibiting GSTP1 and overcoming drug resistance. Its superior inhibitory properties make it a valuable candidate for targeted cancer therapies.