Sustainability of Food Security: Diallel Hybridization and Applications in Wheat Breeding

English (OpenAlex)

In the present study, it’s aimed to give literature information related to applications of diallel technique, that is important in wheat breeding from past to present, in the light of the principles of sustainable agriculture. In today's world where more than a billion people are struggling with hunger, the issue of bread has vital importance. Approximately more than half of people's daily caloric needs are met by wheat. Recent developments in wheat agriculture are quite promising by means of food security and sustainability. Success in breeding depends on the presence of a large additive genetic variance in hybrid populations. Breeders frequently use crossbreeding to create variation in various breeding programs. However, several factors prevent large numbers of cross-breeding. If the inheritance patterns of traits to be studied in breeding studies are determined in advance using various methods, breeding programs based on this fundamental knowledge will have a higher success rate. Therefore, breeders must know the genetic influences under which the traits they are studying are generated. In case of parent’s genetic structure and the inheritance patterns of traits that are worked on are determined in advance using various methods, breeding programs based on this fundamental knowledge will also have a higher success rate. In genetic breeding programs, improving wheat traits likewise yield, quality components, and tolerance to stress is a critical approach to increasing agricultural sustainability. In today's world, where sustainability principles have become a focal point, intensive research is being conducted on bread wheat. Given the changing climate conditions and global warming, it is clear that breeding efforts will extend from the past to the future throughout human history. This article examines detailed case studies, particularly those related to diallel hybridization used in bread wheat breeding, to ensure sustainable food production and security, and offers recommendations for the future.