Graphene Quantum Dot-Based SEPSIS Immunosensor Using Procalcitonin as a Biomarker

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This study presents a targeted impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of procalcitonin (PCT), a biomarker associated with SEPSIS. The immunosensor was operated based on the interaction between PCT antibody (anti‐PCT) and PCT antigen, utilizing graphene quantum dot (GQD)‐modified carbon screen‐printed electrode (SPCE). Herein, GQDs, known for their large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, served as the matrix for immobilizing anti‐PCT, thereby enhancing the electrochemical signal. Following the immobilization of anti‐PCT onto the GQD@SPCE, the interaction between anti‐PCT and with PCT antigen was monitored by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Experimental parameters were optimized, and the analytical characteristics were extensively evaluated. The developed impedimetric PCT immunosensor demonstrated a linear detection range of 0.1–10 ng/mL for PCT, with a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL and a quantification limit of 0.03 ng/mL. Finally, developed GQD‐based impedimetric PCT immunosensor was applied to low‐ and high‐level original control serum samples of the selected kit and very promising recovery values were obtained.