Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Common Childhood Vasculitides

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Childhood vasculitides, including immunoglobulin A vasculitis, Kawasaki disease, Behçet disease, and polyarteritis nodosa, are inflammatory disorders affecting varying-sized blood vessels. Their pathogenesis involves immune dysregulation, genetic predisposition, and environmental triggers. While treatment varies based on disease severity, immunosuppressive therapy is often required. Preventing complications depends mainly on early identification of the disease and initiating appropriate management. This review aims to guide clinicians in the early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of childhood vasculitides by addressing their pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies.