Determination of Fungal and Bacterial Disease Agents on Significant Brassicaceous Vegetable Species Grown in Hatay Province

OpenAlex İngilizce

The Brassicaceae family, commonly known as the Cruciferae or mustard family, encompasses plant species of global economic significance, including oilseed crops, vegetables, as well as condiment purposes. Hatay Province is among the significant regions in Turkey where Brassicaceae family vegetables are cultivated. This study aimed to identify the causative agents of diseases affecting minor Brassica vegetables including cabbage (red and white varieties), broccoli, cauliflower, garden cress, rocket, and radish in the districts of Hatay Province where vegetable cultivation took place during the 2020-2021 growing seasons. Isolations from suspicious cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and radish plants exhibiting disease symptoms in the surveyed areas revealed the presence of various fungal disease agents, including Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium equiseti, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Stemphylum sp. Furthermore, obligate parasitic oomycete pathogens such as Albugo lepidii, Albugo candida, and Perofascia lepidii were detected with varying prevalence and incidence rates on leaves and stems of water cress, rocket, and radish plants. In addition to fungal pathogens, primary bacterial pathogens, including Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Pectobacterium parmentieri, Pseudomonas corrugata, and Pseudomonas cichorii, were identified through morphological, biochemical, pathogenicity tests, and MALDI-TOF analyses. Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas marginalis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterobacter cloacae, and Bacillus pumilus were also identified as opportunistic soft rot bacterial pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, A. alternata, B. cinerea, Stemphylum sp., P. parmentieri, P. corrugata, and P. cichorii as primary bacterial pathogens, P. agglomerans, P. marginalis, P. fluorescens, E. cloacae, and B. pumilus as opportunistic secondary soft rot bacterial disease agent affecting different minor Brassica vegetables, such as cabbage (red and white varieties), broccoli, cauliflower, radish, rocket, and garden cress, grown in Turkey.