World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact

Turkey's foreign policy and relations in the early Republican era, before and during World War II, has been subject to systematic and scholarly research, leading to numerous publications since the 1970s. Although no less significant than Britain, Germany, or the Soviet Union in shaping Turkish inter-war foreign policy…

Summary This article examines the “mutual distancing” between Ottoman labor history and women’s and gender history. For this purpose, I first summarize the scholarship produced by each field and scrutinize the ways in which both fields have remained unresponsive toward one another. I then offer a specific way to make…

• GÜLHAN BALSOY

Inklusion und Exklusion: Die Wehrpflicht im Osmanischen ReichDurch die Einfuhrung der allgemeinen Wehrpflicht im Osmanischen Reich sollten die Nichtmuslime, die bis dahin keinen Militardienst leist...

Memorialization on War-Broken Ground: Gallipoli War Cemeteries and Memorials Designed by Sir John James Burnet focuses on the problems posed by the endeavor to memorialize the Gallipoli campaign of World War I and the memorials designed by the principal architect of the Imperial (now Commonwealth) War Graves Commissio…

• AHENK YILMAZ

This article seeks to explain how Britain and Turkey established a partnership in the second half of the 1930s despite the fact that they failed to agree upon a common rival to stand against. The prevailing International Relations literature highlights the existence of a common enemy as an essential component of allia…

• DİLEK CAN BARLAS

By analyzing Turkey’s relations with Great Britain and the US in a period of drastic change (1929–47), this article argues that the origins of the shift in the orientation of Turkish foreign policy from Pax Britannica to Pax Americana not only affected the perceptions and strategies of relevant powers, but also entail…

• DİLEK CAN BARLAS
• ŞUHNAZ YILMAZ ÖZBAĞCI

By analyzing Turkey’s relations with Great Britain and the US in a period of drastic change (1929–47), this article argues that the origins of the shift in the orientation of Turkish foreign policy from Pax Britannica to Pax Americana not only affected the perceptions and strategies of relevant powers, but also entail…

• DİLEK CAN BARLAS
• ŞUHNAZ YILMAZ ÖZBAĞCI

Between 1920 and 1922, Moscow dispatched guns, grain, and gold to Ankara. The obvious paradox of collaboration between Bolshevik internationalists and the Turkish National Forces has frequently been dismissed as pragmatic union born of necessity, with necessity defined in terms of national self-interest. This article…

• SAMUEL JOHN HIRST

Italian-Turkish relations in the inter-war years oscillated between antagonism and friendship. In 1935, Turkish Foreign Minister Tevfik Ru tu Aras described the evaluation of Italian-Turkish relations in stages of 'warmth', 'cooling off' and 'frost'.I The 'warmth' in the relations came with Aras' meeting with Benito M…

• DİLEK CAN BARLAS
• SERHAT GÜVENÇ

Turkish–American diplomatic relations experienced a decade-long hiatus at the time of the Great War and its immediate aftermath, until the ties were eventually restored in 1927. Subsequently, the U...

This article examines the emergence and spread of the ‘sportsman’ genre of Ottoman photography in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century Istanbul. The ‘sportsman photograph’ depicted young men posing shirtless or wearing tight-fitting athletic attire, flexing their muscles and exhibiting their bodies. These image…

• MURAT YILDIZ

For more than the obvious reasons, the First World War was a devastating experience for Europe.As the first war in history in which the death toll would be immense -due to the extensive use of weapons of mass destruction -it was a traumatic experience even for those who were not directly involved in the armed conflict…

• MAHİNUR AKŞEHİR