Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels

Abstract In this study, the effects of compressed air cooling (CAC) and free cooling (FC) applied between the layers of the walls fabricated by cold metal transfer wire arc additive manufacturing (CMT-WAAM) process on the microstructural changes and the effects of these changes on the mechanical properties using high…

Edge cracking is an essential local formability phenomenon encountered in specific forming operations, such as stretch flanging, which is broadly employed in the automotive industry. However, the prediction of the edge cracks is challenging, and the hole expansion test is widely carried out to detect the edge cracking…

AISI 9310, a Ni-Cr-Mo steel with high hardenability, core toughness, and fatigue resistance, is widely used as a carburizing steel for high-performance rotating and load-bearing aerospace components. Reliable performance of carburized parts requires robust quality control of microstructure, hardness, and residual stre…

Rail flaws and unexpected failures occurred at a quick pace as a result of the rapid growth of high-speed and heavy-haul railroads. It is of the utmost importance to prevent a situation like this since any possible breakdown of a rail carries the possibility of trucks being derailed devastatingly. As a consequence of…

This study investigates the impact of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles on the thermomechanical behavior of L-shaped welded joints in steel structures. Nanoparticles were incorporated into the weld metal at three weight ratios (0.5, 1.25, and 2 wt%) using the cold spray coating technique, and the samples were he…

Directed Energy Deposition (DED) of 316L stainless steel typically yields an austenitic matrix containing retained δ-ferrite, which forms during rapid solidification and partially dissolves during reheating-induced recrystallization. As a result, the fraction and morphology of δ-ferrite are strongly influenced by loca…

Abstract This study investigates the influence of austempering temperature and isothermal-holding time on the microstructure, mechanical behavior, and tribological performance of Si–Mo alloyed ferritic ductile iron produced by the solution-strengthened foundry (SSF) route. After austenitization at 900 °C for 90 min, t…

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Abstract Ductile irons (spheroidal graphite cast irons, SGI) are widely used in automotive and energy systems due to their high strength, ductility, and excellent machinability. The casting quality of these alloys largely depends on the flow and filling behavior of the molten metal, namely its fluidity. In this study,…

This study presents an experimental investigation into the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 4140 and AISI 4340 grade steels, which are widely used in the automotive industry, following hardening heat treatment. These medium-carbon alloy steels are critical for components that require high strength and…

Springback is one of the most undesired outcomes of a bending process since it creates problems during the assembly of formed products and leads to waste time and energy. Heating the sheet metal before the bending process is an application that is widely used in the industry to alleviate the undesired effects of sprin…

X12Cr13 martensitic stainless steels (MSS), widely used in pumps, valves and shafts, are low-carbon alloys and have high-temperature strengths and magnetic behaviours. This study investigates the effects of incorporating 20 wt% glass powder (GP) and Portland limestone cement (PLC) on the structural, thermophysical and…