How does antiseptic mouthwashes against SARS-COV-2 affect the bond strength of universal adhesive to enamel?

OpenAlex İngilizce

Abstract This study compares the effect of different mouthwashes that have been recommended during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on shear bond strength (SBS) of universal adhesive to enamel in regards to self‐etch (SE) and etch‐and‐rinse (ER) modes. Flat enamel surfaces were obtained from 100 sound human maxillary central incisors. They were randomly allocated to five groups according to the different mouthwashes (no mouthwash/control [Ctrl], 0.2% chlorhexidine 1.5% hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], 0.2% povidone‐iodine [PVP‐I], Listerine [L]), and adhesive application modes (ER and SE) (n = 10). After the application of a universal adhesive (single bond universal), composite resin (Filtek Z250) was bonded by a cylinder‐shaped mold (height: 2 mm, diameter: 2.4 mm). They were subjected to SBS test using a universal testing machine (AGS‐X, Shimadzu Corp.) (crosshead speed: 1 mm/min). The resin–enamel interfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The semiquantitative chemical microanalyses were performed with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The data were statistically analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni test (p < .05). In SE mode, Group Ctrl revealed significantly higher SBS than all mouthwash groups (p < .05). In ER mode, Group Ctrl showed significantly higher SBS than H2O2 and PVP‐I groups (p < .05). ER mode caused significantly higher SBS than SE mode in all mouthwash groups (p < .05). The SEM observations highlighted that Group Ctrl had a regular and intact hybrid layer with resin tag formation while the H2O2 and PVP‐I groups exhibited a thin hybrid layer in both modes. EDS analysis indicated that in SE mode, all mouthwash groups presented increased O content compared to Group Ctrl. H2O2 and PVP‐I that were suggested for preprocedural use during the COVID‐19 pandemic, reduced the enamel bond strength of the universal adhesive in ER mode.