Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Human Health: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Mobile Communication and Power Transmission Lines

OpenAlex İngilizce

This review article comprehensively evaluates recent studies investigating the potential effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted from various sources on human health. The literature addresses the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) originating both from mobile communication systems (mobile phones, base stations, wireless modems) and from low-frequency power transmission lines (50 Hz). Findings indicate that specific absorption rate (SAR) and power density values can exceed international limits under certain conditions; this situation may lead to outcomes such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, neurological disorders, adverse effects on reproductive health, and hearing loss. In addition, many studies have reported symptoms including headaches, sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulty in concentration, and skin problems. These findings reveal the necessity for further experimental and epidemiological research to understand better the short- and long-term health effects of electromagnetic exposure. In conclusion, scientific investigation of different frequencies and exposure scenarios, comprehensive evaluation of biological effects, and raising public awareness on this issue will contribute to a clearer understanding of the impacts of electromagnetic radiation on health.