Dysphagia in Head and Neck Cancers

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Head and neck cancers comprise malignant tumors that arise in various sites, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands. Surgical treatments for head and neck cancer can cause dysphagia and aspiration by compromising both anatomical and neurological functions. The type and severity of the resulting swallowing disorders depend on the tumor location, the extent of resection, and the reconstruction method used. Reconstruction involves repairing tissues removed during surgery with flaps, grafts, or prostheses, while aiming to preserve functional integrity. The risk of dysphagia after oral and/or oropharyngeal surgery is especially linked to resection of the tongue and related structures. A systematic assessment of dysphagia is essential to ensure safe swallowing in patients undergoing head and neck cancer treatment. This section will outline the factors that influence swallowing function and lead to dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients