Photovoltaic Performance Analysis of ITO/CdS/CIGS/Ag Ultrathin Film Solar Cells: Experimental Fabrication and Theoretical Performance Modeling

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In this study, ITO/CdS/CIGS/Ag ultrathin film solar cell were prepared through PLD method. XRD analysis showed that CIGS film has a single crystal structure, while CdS film is polycrystalline. AFM images provided detailed surface topographical information for both films. While CIGS thin film is In-rich, CdS thin film has achieved a completely stoichiometric transfer. The solar cell’s photovoltaic characteristic was modeled theoretically using SCAPS-1D software and compared with experimental results. The results demonstrated a high degree of consistency between experimental and theoretical data, confirming the reliable the solar cell’s photovoltaic performance. The influence of series resistance, and interface defect density on the device’s performance were thoroughly examined. The study reveals that the reliability and potential of CdS/CIGS ultrathin film solar cells for efficient energy conversion.