Destination attributes on attendance at away football games: scale development, and validation on fans

OpenAlex İngilizce

This study aims to explain destination attributes that affect football fans’ attendance at away games using a sequential method design. The research developed a scale through a six-phase process, including item pool preparation, expert opinion, first pilot test, second pilot test, third pilot test, and fourth pilot test. Firstly, a 17-item pool was comprised. Secondly, the item pool was applied to sports experts, and refined. Thirdly, EFA and CFA were conducted, and a 13-item pool was obtained in a four-dimensional structure. These factors were named as attractions, prices, basic services, and ease of transportation. In the fourth, fifth, and sixth studies, this dimensional structure was confirmed. The study found that ease of transportation, basic services, prices, and attractions of destinations affect fans’ participation in away football games, respectively. This research contributes to football theory and sports tourism, highlighting the term ‘tourist-fan’, a term rarely examined in previous studies.