Nitrous oxide induces polyploidy in grapevine

OpenAlex İngilizce

Abstract The global grape breeding field requires the development of grape varieties that can meet the ever-changing environmental and market demands. The development of polyploid forms in viticulture has recently received more attention as a means of coping with different environmental stresses and improving crop quality. In this study, the effectiveness of nitrous oxide (N2O) treatments in inducing of autopolyploidization in the germinated seeds of Vitis vinifera L. cultivars (cvs.) Trakya İlkeren (TI), Ekşi Kara (EK) and Gök Üzüm (GU) was investigated. Germinated seeds were exposed to N2O at different pressures (2.5 bar, 5 bar, 7.5 bar, and 10 bar) and durations (24-h, 48-h and 72-h) and sown in trays to obtain seedlings. The effects of N2O treatments were firstly evaluated by considering the survival rate (%), stomata and chloroplast observations in seedlings. According to the data obtained, flow cytometry (FC) analysis was performed in plants with large stomata size and high number of chloroplasts. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that a GU seedling treated with 24-h 7.5 bar of N2O was triploid or near-triploid (aneuploid). The nuclear DNA (nDNA) content of this seedling was calculated as 1.57 pg/2C, and the 1C genome size was calculated as 768 Mbp. It was determined that N2O was effective in inducing polyploidy in grapevine depending on the genotype. Considering the limiting conditions of our study, the induction rate of polyploidy by N2O in Vitis vinifera L. grape cultivars was found to be lower than 1/1000.