Investigation of antibiotic resistance genes of beta-hemolytic and non-hemolytic streptococci with molecular methods

İngilizce (OpenAlex)

IntroductionStreptococcus species continue to exist as important human pathogens.They produce and release virulence factors such as several resistance genes, toxins and adhesion molecules.The most common infections caused by them include acute otitis media, pharyngitis, respiratory tract infections (sinusitis), impetigo, erysipelas, endocarditis, meningitis, puerperal sepsis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever (1,2).In addition to these infections, they are the pathogens causing severe neonatal infections characterized by maternal infections.They cause osteomyelitis, skin and soft tissue infections, infections associated with endocarditis and bacteremia (3,4).Every year, 4 million of people experience community-based pneumonia in the United States.Community-based pneumonia was reported to be caused by Streptococcus pneumonia in 40-60% and by other bacteria in 3-10% of people (5).The antibiotics used for the treatment of Streptococcus showed differences over time (4,5-6).In the late twentieth century, vancomycin and cephalosporin were used as the experimental treatment combination against the streptococcal infections causing meningitis (7).At the beginning of the twenty-first century, penicillin was being used traditionally for the treatment of a large number of pneumococcal infections.However, the increase in the incidence of penicillin-resistant S. pneumonia jeopardized the use of β-lactam antibiotics (8).Penicillin, ampicillin and cephalosporin are preferred for the treatment of group B streptococcal infections.Vancomycin, macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, ABSTRACTInfectious diseases have been one of the most important problems affecting all societies since the existence of mankind.Streptococci, one of the causes of these diseases, can be found in the normal flora of the mouth, nose, throat, skin, digestion and genital system in humans.Streptococci are an important cause of diseases in humans such as meningitis, acute otitis media, rhinosinusitis and community -acquired pneumonia.In this study, various clinical samples belonging to the disease were taken between January and Septe mber 2015.All necessary permission documents and the ethics committee approval numbered 2 and dated 13.11.2014for clinical investigations were obtained.The collected samples were brought to the Microbiology Laboratory of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty.Analyzes of determined and identified antibiotic resistance genes of isolated and identified streptococci strains were carried out in the Microbiology laboratory of Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Pharmacy by PCR.The detection of pbp1a for penicillin G antibiotic, pbp2x for cefotaxime antibiotic, and gyrA resistance genes for quinolone antibiotics were targeted.In this study, the primers used in Table -2 were taken as reference.A total of 30 streptococcus strains were isolated and identified from various clinical samples including 8 sputum, 6 urine, 5 BOS, 4 blood, 4 nasopharyngeal swab, 2 ear effusion and 1 ab scess.As a result of the PCR analysis, the resistance of pbp1a was found in 6 of the streptococcal isolates, pbp2x in 8, and resistan ce in the gyrA gene region in 5.In our study, no three resistance genes were found in 22 isolates and the presence of all three (pbp1a, pbp2x and gyrA) resistance genes in 5 isolates was determined.It is expected that the data obtained from this research will contribute to national and international knowledge accumulation.