Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Carbon Nanotube-Coated Metamaterials in Terms of Backward Electromagnetic Waves

OpenAlex İngilizce

This article explores the propagation behaviors of electromagnetic waves within a metamaterial structure composed of three distinct layers, nano, micro, and macro, arranged from the outermost to the innermost section. The outermost layer, which serves as the focus of this investigation, consists of carbon nanotubes. The second layer, positioned just behind the outermost coating, exhibits micro properties and features a graded structure in terms of nonlocal characteristics and material property parameters. Therefore, the analyses conducted in this micro layer are grounded in nonlocal theory. The nonlocal constant is set at values of η: 0.7, η: 0.5, and η: 0.25, with investigations carried out using a nano-graded approach. Additionally, this micro layer is configured in a material-graded manner concerning its property parameters, defined as D: 0.1, D: 0.3, and D: 0.7, respectively. In the micro layer, a nano-graded approach achieves the highest frequencies of electromagnetic wave propagation when the material property parameter D is set at 0.5 and the nonlocal constant η is 0.25. In contrast, the lowest frequencies of electromagnetic wave propagation are observed when the material property parameter D is 0.1, and the nonlocal constant η is 0.5. The innermost layer of the metamaterial structure is characterized by macro properties. Notably, unlike many other studies, this research specifically examines the behavior of backward electromagnetic waves, rather than traveling waves, within the context of the aforementioned metamaterial properties. The amplitude values of the reflected waves, particularly those corresponding to the backward electromagnetic waves delineated in this study, exhibit a reduction as they propagate through the metamaterial components.