Assessment of physicochemical and cytotoxic characteristics of resin-based and bioceramic root canal sealers: an in vitro study

İngilizce (OpenAlex)

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the solubility, pH values, chemical composition, and cytotoxicity of two resin-based sealers AH Plus, AH Plus Jet, and two calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBS) TotalFill BC, Well Root ST. Solubility was evaluated using a modified gravimetric method and pH values were assessed using a calibrated digital pH meter. The chemical composition was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using both direct and indirect methods on human osteoblast (Saos-2) and periodontal ligament fibroblast (PdLF) cell lines. The evaluation was conducted across at 1:1,1:10,1:20 (v/v) concentrations immediately after mixing and following setting. The solubility of the tested sealers was similar. The CSBS exhibited significantly higher pH values and greater constituent levels of calcium and zirconium compared to the resin-based materials. Although the set resin sealers demonstrated higher cell viability in both cell lines, cytotoxicity was concentration-dependent, particularly within the CSBS groups. The combined effect of time and concentration significantly impacted Saos-2 cell viability, whereas exposure time to set materials did not significantly affect PdLF viability. All tested sealers demonstrated acceptable solubility and cytocompatibility under the experimental conditions. CSBS showed higher alkalinity and calcium-containing components based on EDS analysis; however, resin-based sealers exhibited more favorable immediate biocompatibility in the in vitro models used.