Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Enrofloxacin and Its Metabolite Ciprofloxacin Administered by Different Doses in Calves

OpenAlex İngilizce

ABSTRACT This research studied dose‐dependent changes in the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), in calves. The research was performed on eighteen calves utilizing a parallel pharmacokinetic approach. Calves were divided into three distinct dosage groups, receiving intravenous administration of ENR at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were collected at 15 specified intervals during a 48‐h duration. ENR and CIP plasma concentrations were quantified by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic data was obtained using non‐compartmental analysis. The area under the concentration‐time curve from 0 to last (AUC 0‐last )/dose of ENR increased in a dose‐dependent manner. The elimination half‐life of ENR was prolonged from 2.41 to 3.47 h ( p < 0.05). The total body clearance decreased significantly with the dose increase ( p < 0.05), while the volume of distribution at steady state remained comparable across dosage groups ( p > 0.05). The AUC 0‐last of CIP increased in a dose‐dependent manner ( p < 0.05), but no alteration was found in the conversion ratio of ENR to CIP (26%–28%, p > 0.05). The results of the current investigation demonstrated that the pharmacokinetics of ENR and CIP in calves had considerable variability with dose. Assessing dose‐dependent pharmacokinetic alterations in calves can aid in establishing the dosing regimen; however, additional research is required to confirm dose‐dependent therapeutic efficacy and safety.